SOIL PROPERTIES

Rakhmanova G.F., Degtyareva I.A. (gulnara_rakhmanova@mail.ru, peace-1963@mail.ru)

Agrochemical indicators of gray forest soil influenced by complex fertilizers based on zeolite-containing rocks

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-001

To assess the effect of complex fertilizers based on zeolite-containing rocks and mineral fertilizers on changes in agrochemical parameters of soil, field studies were conducted on medium loamy gray forest soil. The ameliorative effect of zeolite was established both with its unilateral action and with the addition of mineral fertilizers in the background – the decrease in acidity pH_KCl was 0.47 units and 0.31 units compared to the control, respectively. In variants with OMF, soil acidity in the ripening phase decreased to 0.59 units. A decrease in hydrolytic acidity was noted in variants with zeolite by 0.9 and 1.28 mg-eq/100 g of soil with its unilateral action and against the background of NPK, respectively. In the phase of full maturity of spring wheat, with the unilateral action of zeolite, the sum of absorbed bases increased by 5.4 and 3.6 mg-eq/100 g of soil compared to the control and background, respectively. In variants with OMF, this indicator increased to 2.2 mg-eq/100 g of soil (13%) by the crop ripening phase compared to the control. The yield of wheat, compared to the control, increased by 11.9% and 31.0% with the unilateral action of zeolite and OMF, respectively. The combined use of zeolite-containing fertilizers with mineral ones increased the yield of the studied crop by 14.3-16.0% compared to the background.

Keywords: zeolite, spring wheat, soil, soil fertility, agrochemical indicators, fertilizers.

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Chekin G.V., Belous N.M., Chesalin S.F., Silaev A.L. (kafeap@bgsha.com, ke@duma32.ru)

Sodium content in alluvial soils

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-002

The results of a study of sodium species in alluvial soils of the Desna River, located in the Bryansk region, are presented. The study is relevant due to the lack of similar information. The research methods included collecting soil samples, preparing them for analysis, and extracting sodium forms using various reagents. The results revealed significant variation in the total sodium content in the soils, a lack of clear patterns in its profile distribution, and a correlation with the coarse silt fraction. Exchangeable sodium content was found to exceed critical values in some samples, which may lead to negative impacts on soil fertility and plant yields. The findings highlight the need to monitor the exchangeable sodium content and its share of the cation exchange capacity to prevent adverse effects on agricultural production on floodplain soils.

Keywords: alluvial soils, water-soluble form of sodium, exchangeable form of sodium, non-exchangeable form of sodium, total sodium content.

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Dubas V.V., Aleksashkin I.V. (victoriadubas.VD@gmail.com, aligor@rambler.ru)

Ecological and geochemical characteristics of agrogenic soils of the Crimean Prisivashye region

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-003

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the content and distribution of microelements in the soils of the Crimean Sivash region, taking into account their spatial distribution within the boundaries of agricultural lands. The statistical characteristics of the content of microelements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) in soils of the agrogenic series were studied, the distribution features depending on the soil type were identified, and an assessment was given of the degree of pollution of the studied soils in relation to inorganic substances. It has been shown that the content of microelements in soils varies widely and depends on the geochemical characteristics of the study area, where it has been experimentally established that the average content of elements reaches the highest values for Mn (about 89.03 mg/kg), while in some samples, on the contrary, the absence of Ni and Cu is recorded, which may indicate possible deficiencies or potentially low availability of these elements. The obtained results once again highlight the need for systematic monitoring and implementation of measures to manage the balance of microelements in soils to prevent environmental risks and ensure sustainable land use.

Keywords: agrogenic soils, microelements, statistical analysis, ecological and geochemical characteristics.

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Skipin L.N., Evtushkova E.P., Petukhova V.S., Skipin D.L. (petuhovavs@tyuiu.ru, e.p.evtushkova@utmn.ru)

Effectiveness of desalination and desalination of meadow crusty solonetz of Western Siberia under long-term effect of phosphogypsum

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-004

Solonetz soils in Western Siberia cover approximately 10 million hectares. The most difficult soils to reclaim are crusty, high-sodium solonetz soils with sulfate-soda salinity. Agrobiological reclamation methods for these soils have proven very ineffective. Chemical reclamation is the primary method for reclaiming these soils. This article presents, for the first time, the results of long-term (52 years) treatment with different doses of phosphogypsum for Western Siberian conditions. Studies have shown that half (21 t/ha) and full (43 t/ha) doses of phosphogypsum for the 0-30 cm layer reduced the total reserve of readily soluble salts in the meter-thick layer from 49.2 t/ha to 23.4 and 21.7 t/ha, respectively. The salt content decreased due to the most toxic soda. The indicated doses of the ameliorant contributed to the desalination of virgin solonetz from a high-sodium level (40.6 - 60.2% of the absorption capacity) in the 0-40 cm layer to low-sodium (16.4-22.7%) with the half dose and to a residual and low-sodium level (9.3-13.9%) with the full dose of phosphogypsum. During the specified period, gypsum application allowed increasing the humus content in the 0-20 cm layer from 3.2 to 4-6%, with the maximum being achieved when the full dose of coagulant was applied. Using the reclaimed land as a long-term hayfield allows the landowner to currently achieve perennial grass hay yields of up to 15.5 and 21.2 centners per hectare, respectively, compared to 3.5 centners per hectare under control. Research shows that chemical reclamation of solonetz soils in Western Siberia has been unfairly abandoned. Russia's reserves of natural gypsum and chemical waste (phosphogypsum) allow for the introduction of solonetz soils into agricultural use over large areas.

Keywords: solonetz, easily soluble salts, exchangeable sodium, phosphogypsum, desalting, desalination.

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Alaeva L.A., Negrobova E.A., Rumyantseva I.V., Devyatova T.A. (liliya-250477@yandex.ru)

Structural terrain organization features of forest soils of oak forest's various types

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-005

The results of the study of the structural organization of forest soils of oak forests conducted in the period 2020-2024 on the territory of the Oka-Don plain within the Voronezh region are presented. The objects of the study include soils formed under oak forests in various landscape conditions: the root slope – floodplain – floodplain terraces – drained interfluve (the top of the gulch) – watershed. It is shown that the differences in mesorelief (fluctuations in absolute heights ranged from 81 m (floodplain) to 162 m (root slope of the river) and, accordingly, the differences in individual soil formation factors are reflected in the specific features of the structural organization in the upper 50 cm thickness of forest soils under oak forests. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high-quality and water-resistant structure are formed in well-drained areas (Haplic Phaeozems and Eutric Haplic Phaeozems). Gleyic Haplic Phaeozems (Arenic) of the upper-floodplain terraces, formed on ancient alluvial deposits of light granulometric composition, have a low quality of structure. The intermediate position is occupied by Umbri Fluvisols of the central floodplain, the quality of the structure of which depends on dynamic processes (the volume, properties and thickness of the annually deposited alluvium, the depth of groundwater). Direct correlations of varying degrees of closeness between the physico-chemical properties of soils and the quality of their structure have been established.

Keywords: soil structure, forest soils, oak forests, agronomic valuable aggregates, weighted average diameter of aggregates, vulnerability coefficient of the structure, granulometric composition.

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FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Gavryushina I.V., Semina S.A., Paliychuk A.S., Nikulina E.V. (gavryushina.i.v@pgau.ru)

Effect of microelement fertilizers on photosynthetic activity and maize yield

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-006

Current research deals with the impact of maize foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers AktivAzot, Plantafid, Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate), Mikrovit K-1 (iron chelate), and Akvarin Universal on intensity of cultivation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. Foliar treatment increased the photosynthetic potential of maize by 5.2-19.2% with the Akvarin Universal treatment. The maximum net photosynthetic productivity, exceeding the control by 13.1%, was achieved with Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate) treatment. Foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers enriched maize yield, providing an additional 1.3-10.5 t/ha or 2.9-24.1% of green mass and 1.6-3.9 t/ha or 12.0-29.3% of dry biomass, and the maximum increase was obtained within Mikrovit-3 (zinc chelate) and Akvarin Universal application.

Keywords: corn, fertilizers containing microelements, foliar treatment, leaf, green mass, dry matter, yield.

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Vasilieva S.V., Zeyruk V.N., Belov G.L., Derevjagina M.K., Abashkin O.A. (vzeyruk@mail.ru)

Epin Plus is a new organic-mineral fertilizer and its effect on main potato diseases in soil and climatic conditions of the Central region of the Russian Federation

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-007

The results of a study on the effect of the new organo-mineral fertilizer Epin Plus on the spread and severity of the main diseases in the potato variety Sante under field conditions in the soil and climatic zone of podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils in the taiga-forest region of the Russian Federation at the experimental base of the Russian Potato Research Center (the Moscow Region, Kraskovo) in 2022-2024 are presented. Epin Plus contains a complex of substances: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, folic acids, and 24-epibrassinolide. To compare the effectiveness of Epin Plus on potatoes, we used Epin-Extra, which contains 24-epibrassinolide as its active ingredient. To compare the effectiveness of Epin Plus on potatoes, the drug Epin-Extra was used, which contains the active ingredient 24-epibrassinolide. The most effective methods for reducing the development of Rhizoctonia were, in addition to tuber treatment, two foliar sprayings during the full germination and budding phases at a rate of 100 and 120 ml/ha, which reduced the spread of the disease by 1.2-1.5 times compared to the control. These same options had a significant effect on reducing the development of Alternaria on potato plants. Seed treatment and two applications of Epin Plus at doses of 100 and 120 ml/ha reduced the spread and severity of the disease by an average of 1.5-2.0 times compared to the control. The immune-stimulating and protective effects of Epin Plus on potato plants, which were observed at the beginning of the spread and development of Alternaria, persisted throughout the growing season for three years of research. The results of phytopathological analyses conducted one month after the harvested tubers were stored showed that treatment of planting material with 30 ml/t of Epin Plus and plants in the budding phase with 80-100 ml/ha of Epin Plus, as well as treatment of tubers with 30 ml/t of Epin Plus and two-fold treatment of plants during the growing season with 120 ml/ha of Epin Plus, reduced the average incidence of dry rot in the new crop by one and a half times compared to the control. Three years of research have led to the conclusion that the effectiveness of the organic-mineral fertilizer Epin Plus, as well as Epin-Extra (the reference), is more pronounced during periods of vegetation with extreme weather conditions that cause stress in potato plants.

Keywords: potatoes, Epin Plus, Epin-Extra, organic-mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, diseases.

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Volynkina O.V. (info@kurgankniish.ru)

Efficiency of nitrogen fertilization of spring wheat in the Central zone of the Kurgan region

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-008

The results of long-term experiment of nitrogen top-dressing of spring wheat at the Central Experimental Field of the Kurgan Scientific-Research Institute for Agriculture are presented. Early studies 1971-1973 were carried out in more favorable humidification conditions, which contributed to the high effect of both the main fertilizer and top dressing up to the beading phase. Studies of top dressing in 1975-1990 carried out with their systematic use in the same area, which brought together the effectiveness of different periods of nitrogen application, both in terms of yield and quality of wheat grain. New experiments were conducted with a lack of moisture, especially in 2023. Therefore, the payback of nitrogen was at the level of 2-3-5.8 kg per 1 kg a.s. fertilizer in 2023, 2-6-9.3 – in 2024 and 4.9-6-10.9 in the wettest 2025. According to early and late experiments, it can be concluded that early nitrogen root or non-root feeding is appropriate if the main fertilizer is not applied. Late feeding during the phase of mowing or milky ripeness is advisable if there is moisture in the soil and a good vegetative mass of plants is formed, and a moderate dose of nitrogen is added before sowing.

Keywords: spring wheat, nitrogen top-dressing, yield, grain quality, fertilizer payback.

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Ivanov A.I., Ivanova Zh.A., Khomyakov Yu.V. (ivanоvai2009@yandex.ru)

On the question of the responsiveness of table carrots to the iodine application

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-009

The production of high-quality vegetable products enriched with valuable nutrients is one of the important tasks of the crop industry in the Northwestern region of Russia, located in the geochemical anomaly of iodine deficiency. The study with the aim to evaluate the responsiveness of table carrots to the use of potassium iodide from the perspective of crop formation of root crops and their bio-enrichment with iodine was conducted in a microfield experiment in the vegetable crop rotation «seeded peas – cauliflower – beetroot – carrot» on well-cultivated agrosoddy-slightly podzolic light loamy soil with a very low iodine content: gross – 790 μg/kg, mobile compounds – 6 μg/kg. In the experiment, the canteen of a hybrid of the Nantes variety type Narbonne F1 was cultivated. It was cultivated on a high agrotechnical background, which included complete mineral fertilizer N₁₂₀P₃₀K₁₈₀, regular irrigation during dry periods, intensive mechanical weed control and chemical pest control. The experimental scheme included 4 options: control, one-, two- and three-fold spraying (with a frequency of 14 days) of 0.02% KI solution with a norm of 30 ml/m². It has been established that the responsiveness of table carrots to the use of iodine depends on the weather and climatic conditions and the frequency of foliar fertilization. The optimal multiplicity level was 3 sprays of the crop. Under the influence of iodine foliar top dressing, the duration of the root crop formation period increased by 3-7 days, biological productivity – by 10-30%, marketable productivity – by 16-38%, marketability – by 6-7%, iodine content in the dry matter of root crops – by 180-476%. The natural payback of 1 g of iodine applied in the form of foliar top dressing by commercial carrot products was 158-202 kg of root crops.

Keywords: table carrots, potassium iodide, foliar top dressing, agronomic efficiency, root crop yield, marketability, iodine content.

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Semina S.A., Zheryakov E.V., Zheryakov I.S. (zheryakov.e.v@pgau.ru)

Influence of foliar treatment with micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators on yield components of sugar beet

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-010

Results are presented from studies on the effect of foliar treatment with micronutrient fertilizers (Microvit-7 Bor, Amitsid «Bor», Microvit Standard) and plant growth regulators (Furolan, Tsytodef-100, Stimmunol EF) on the formation of leaf area and root weight of sugar beet. It was found that the maximum increase in leaf area was observed 20 days after foliar treatment. The increase from foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers alone ranged from 9.0 to 18.5%, while their combined use with growth regulators varied from 3.9% (Microvit-7 Bor + Furolan) to 31.9% (Amitsid «Bor» + Furolan). Before harvest, the largest leaf surface area was recorded in the treatments combining Amitsid «Bor» with Furolan and Microvit Standard with Tsytodef-100, reaching 59.23 and 58.20 dm², respectively. The greatest increases in root weight due to additional micronutrient supply were obtained 20 days after foliar treatment. The increase ranged from 12.0 to 33.5% relative to the control, with an advantage observed for the application of Amitsid «Bor» and Microvit Standard. Depending on the type of growth regulator, the differences were small (5.3-8.2%). Sixty days after treatment, the increase in root weight due to foliar fertilization was 16.5-19.7%, with the positive effect of Amitsid «Bor» and Microvit Standard being maintained. The growth regulators retained their positive effect in treatments without micronutrient fertilizers, providing an increase of 5.8-8.5% relative to the control, whereas when applied together with micronutrient fertilizers, the increase dropped to 0.9-5.9%. The increase in root weight before harvest in treatments with foliar fertilization was 9.4-14.2% relative to the control. When growth regulators were combined with micronutrient fertilizers, the increase was two to three times smaller (1.9-4.7%) than when they were applied separately.

Keywords: black earth soil, sugar beet, microfertilizers, foliar application, leaf area, root.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Nafikov M.M., Smirnov S.G., Lukmanov A.A., Khismatullin M.M., Nuriev I.G., Khismatullin M.M., Kurakova Ch.M. (nafikov_makarim@mail.ru, SSG75@mail.ru, anaslukmanov@mail.ru, marselmansurovic@mail.ru, upravshp@yandex.ru, rezi-almet@yandex.ru, rezi-almet@yandex.ru)

Rationale for use of cold (low-temperature) atmospheric plasma for disinfection of poultry manure

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-011

The article presents data on the application of a developed device for the disinfection of chicken manure (an organic fertilizer with a wide range of applications) using cold atmospheric air plasma (CAP). The principle of the developed device and the CAP application is as follows: poultry manure is fed into a loading hopper and then onto a screw conveyor. At the same time, cold atmospheric air plasma is fed to the screw conveyor through the ionizer's direct current plasma torch by means of a fan. This plasma moves under excess pressure within the screw conveyor in an upward and downward direction, respectively, toward the longitudinal axis of the rotating screw conveyor, thereby ensuring intensive processing and mixing of the chicken manure. The voltage on the ionizer's direct current generator electrode is 30 kV, which allows for the simultaneous dehydration and disinfection of chicken manure by exposure to cold plasma.

Keywords: cold plasma, disinfection, poultry manure, organic fertilizer, irrigation, ecology.

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Minin Y.V., Kudryavtsev A.I., Sutula G.I., Puhalsky J.V., Loskutov S.I., Kondratieva A.O., Gorodnova L.A., Nikiticheva G.V., Yakubovskaya A.I., Kameneva I.А. (minin0004@mail.ru, puhalskyyan@gmail.com, capitals2016@yandex.ru, lislosk@mail.ru, alyonakndrtv@gmail.com, yakubovskaya_alla@mail.ru, irina.kameneva.7@mail.ru)

Analysis of changes in the biochemical composition of essential oil in peppermint under influence of black soldier frass addition

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-012

The composition of essential oils in the leaves of the Kubanskaya 6 peppermint variety and its changes under the influence of dry black soldier (Hermetia illucens) frass, added in increasing quantities (5-20%) to a nutrient substrate based on sterilized peat, was studied using GC-MS. Plants were grown from seeds in a laboratory phytotron for 90 days under controlled microclimate parameters (24°C, 60% humidity, 16/8 h photoperiod, 180 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PAR). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the content of eight of the 48 identified components (16.7%). The maximum concentrations of L-menthol (59.8 ± 0.97%) and the yield of essential oil (2.75 ± 0.14 g/100 g dry weight) were achieved with the addition of 5% frass, which exceeds the control by 27 and 21%, respectively. At 5-10% frass, a perfect linear regression of all components was observed, indicating a single molecular regulatory mechanism. Increasing the dose to 15-20% led to a decrease in L-menthol and the manifestation of phytotoxicity. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.998) was revealed between menthone and isomenthone, suggesting their synchronous biosynthesis. The cognitive significance index (CSI), calculated in the PlantNN neural network, reached a maximum (7.2-7.5) at 5-10%. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using frass at a concentration of 5% for cultivating peppermint from seeds with maximization of the yield of the target component L-menthol.

Keywords: peppermint, essential oil, L-menthol, frass, Hermetia illucens, organic fertilizers, GC-MS analysis, phytotoxicity.

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Petukhov A.S., Kremleva T.A., Khritokhin N.A., Pervukhina E.D. (a.s.petukhov@utmn.ru, t.a.kremleva@utmn.ru, kna@utmn.ru, elizavetapervykhina@mail.ru)

Biochemical status of cultivated oat in conditions of soil substrate pollution by zinc sulfate

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-013

The results of a study of the impact of model Zn pollution of peat-containing soil (organogenic substrate) and sand (mineral substrate) on the biochemical parameters of oats are presented. Oat seeds were grown in substrate contaminated with 0 (control), 100, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg Zn (as sulfate) for 14 days. The Zn content in the aboveground and underground parts of plants was determined by atomic emission spectrophotometry with inductively coupled plasma. Biochemical parameters (content of photosynthetic pigments, conjugated dienes, Schiff bases, flavonoids, proline and catalase activity) were studied by spectrophotometry. Germination of the cultivated oat in equally contaminated organogenic and mineral substrate resulted in greater Zn translocation in the experiment with mineral substrate (up to 70 times relative to the control). The barrier function of oat root system waned in the conditions of mineral substrate. Common oats successfully adapted to Zn accumulation at the biochemical level, which was manifested in a decrease in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products and activation of antioxidant systems (flavonoids, catalase, proline). The Zn content positively correlated with the level of antioxidant activity. Zn translocation from organogenic substrate resulted in an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, but its further accumulation (in mineral substrate conditions) suppressed photosynthesis. The results indicate the resistance of oat to high Zn concentrations (up to 1000 mg/kg in substrate), which is important for it appliance in phytoremediation of contaminated areas.

Keywords: heavy metals, zinc, photosynthesis, antioxidants, accumulation, lipid peroxidation.

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Lisovoy A.M., Andreevskaya V.M., Zhelezova S.V., Feoktistov M.K., Vasiliev E.S., Sevostyanova E.P. (lesh-lisovoi@yandex.ru, soferrum@mail.ru, cmakp@mail.ru, mqegor@gmail.com, nikaandreevskai@yandex.ru)

Artificial soilgrounds improvement with addition of organic fertilizer «Uncle humus» for growing tomato plants

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-014

The results of a study on the development of a soil-and-fertilizer formulation based on combinations of upland and lowland peat with the addition of «Uncle Humus» organic fertilizer, loosening components and ash and the effect of its composition on the growth, development, and yield of Subarctic tomato plants in a vegetative experiment are presented. It has been established that optimal soil compositions, including the organic fertilizer «Uncle Humus», provide a significant increase in yield compared to the standard version (universal soil-ground Our dacha). An agrochemical analysis of soils was carried out and correlations between the composition of substrates and plant productivity were revealed. The results of the study can be used to optimize soil formulations for growing tomato seedlings in personal subsidiary farms.

Keywords: tomatoes, soil agent, seedlings, organic fertilizer, Uncle Humus, yield, biometric indicators, agrochemical analysis.

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Fomicheva N.V., Rabinovich G.Yu. (2016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

On the issue of obtaining artificial soilgrounds and assessing it’s quality

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-015

Excavated soils with various fillers are used as the basis for producing soil mixes for urban landscaping. Ten soil mix samples were prepared, containing excavated soil and organic fertilizers developed at VNIIMZ – multipurpose compost and humic paste. Organic fertilizers were added to the soil at a concentration of 20% to match the organic matter content of soil mixes for planting trees and shrubs, or 40% to match the organic matter content of soil mixes for establishing and major lawn maintenance. It was established that all the obtained soils comply with GOST R 53381-2009 and do not comply with Moscow Government Resolution July 27, 2004 No. 514-PP, primarily regarding the content of mobile forms of potassium (exceeding by 3.3-8.6 times). Soil phytotesting was conducted in a phytotron using two test crops: oats (Avena sativa) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). A statistically significant increase (1.2-1.5 times) in the length and weight of the test crops was found with a soil sample consisting of 80% pit soil, 10% multipurpose compost, and 10% humic paste. This soil can be recommended for urban landscaping (planting trees and shrubs). Soils containing 40% organic fertilizers and 20% multipurpose compost, relative to the control, exhibited a statistically significant inhibitory effect on the development of test plants. The samples exhibited an excess of available nutrients (mobile forms of potassium and phosphorus, mineral nitrogen). It was confirmed that the use of organic fertilizers as a soil ingredient (≥ 10% vol.) leads to exceeding the standards for available nutrients (K₂O, P₂O₅ – 100-400 mg/kg). The need to revise regulatory documentation by expanding the list of chemical parameters or their limit values depending on soil ingredients is demonstrated. It is recommended to include phytotesting in soil quality assessment as an integral indicator of soil fertility.

Keywords: soil, pit soil, organic fertilizers, biocompost, humic paste, regulatory documentation, quality, phytotesting.

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AGROECOLOGY

Spiridonov S.I., Titov I.E. (spiridonov.si@gmail.com, titan13_08@mail.ru)

Forecasting of dynamics of radioecological efficiency of radical improvement of grasslands contaminated with ¹³⁷Cs

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-016

The prognostic assessment of the radioecological effectiveness of the radical improvement of grasslands contaminated with ¹³⁷Cs as a result of the Chernobyl accident is presented. A probabilistic model was used as a forecasting tool to calculate the risk of ¹³⁷Cs contamination of feed products, supplemented by a description of the dynamics of the radioecological effectiveness of radical improvement. The parameterization of the model was performed on the basis of experimental data characterizing the content of ¹³⁷Cs in the soil and vegetation after this event. It was found that after 40 years after a «one-time» radical improvement of the site in question, the risk of contamination of ¹³⁷Cs feed products will be reduced by 1.7 times compared with the initial value. While maintaining the maximum effectiveness of the event through periodic fertilization, the risk will be reduced 2.3 times over the specified time period. A comparison of the average specific activity of ¹³⁷Cs in vegetation and the risk of exceeding the standard value showed that these values are related to each other non-linearly. The expediency of using probabilistic approaches to assessing and predicting the radioecological effectiveness of rehabilitation measures is demonstrated.

Keywords: grasslands, Chernobyl accident, ¹³⁷Cs, fundamental improvement, dynamics of radioecological efficiency, mathematical modeling, agrotechnical and agrochemical effects, feed products, lognormal distribution, risk of exceeding the standard.

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Zagoruyko M.V., Sinih Y.N., Chistov R.M., Chistova O.A., Kubarev E.N., Zagoruyko Е.N. (uoc_msu@mail.ru, 1580@edu.mos.ru)

Comparative analysis of various measures to combat Sosnowsky's hogweed, using the example of growing seasons in 2024-2025

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-017

This article describes in detail the experiment conducted to study measures to combat Sosnowski's hogweed (H. sosnowskyi). The introduction presents the features of this invasive plant and the reasons for its widespread distribution. The analysis of two years of observations of the plant under the influence of various methods, which is a comparative research method. The article presents the dynamics of data on the contamination of plots and soil indicators, climatic data of the first and second growing season of the experiment, in the process of data collection, the morphological method and the method of soil-regime observations were used. The intermediate result of the experiment was the ranking of faster and more effective methods of control and ineffective methods of control of H. sosnowskyi. The large amount of data obtained allowed for a statistically reliable study of the dynamics of agrochemical indicators of soils and the contamination of plots, which is a numerical and statistical research method.

Keywords: Sosnowsky's hogweed, control measures, agricultural errors, the harmful effects of herbicides, methods of environmental control, causes of invasion, seed load, and agrochemical indicators of soils.

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HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Sanzharova N.I. (natsan2004@mail.ru)

The founder of Russian agricultural radioecology (to the 125th anniversary of the birth of Academician Vsevolod Mavrikievich Klechkovsky).

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-3-018

The article is dedicated to the memory of the famous scientist, agrochemist and radioecologist, participant of the Atomic Project, Academician Vsevolod Mavrikievich Klechkovsky. Pioneer studies on the agrochemistry of radioactive isotopes, migration of radionuclides in agroecosystems, as well as the physico-mathematical substantiation of the phenomenon of periodicity (Klechkovsky rule) are described. The article shows the scientist's contribution to the study of fundamental patterns of radionuclide behavior and the development of special rehabilitation measures in agriculture in response to the consequences of the accident in the Southern Urals.

Keywords: agrochemistry, radioecology, Klechkovsky rule, accident, countermeasures.