ROOT AND TUBER CROPS – 2025

Azimova N.Sh., Ravshanov B.A., Khamidova Kh.M., Shukurov O.N., Karimov Kh.Kh. (azimovanodira@mail.ru)

Diversity of phytopathogenic fungi affecting potato tubers in Uzbekistan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-001s

Potato tubers of the local potato varieties «Umid», «Umid-2», and «O'zbekiston Qizili», infected with fungal diseases and grown in the Kibray district of Tashkent region, were collected from potato storage facilities. Eighteen isolates of filamentous fungi were isolated from the tubers. Culture and morphological analysis revealed that they belonged to the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Aspergillus. All isolates caused disease in healthy tubers of the Gala potato variety.

Keywords: potato varieties, potato diseases, Umid, O’zbekiston qizili, potato storage.

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Andreevskaya V.M., Elansky S.N., Kozycheva A.M., Lisovoy A.M., Dobrikov G.A., Chudinova E.M., Sevostyanov M.A. (nikaandreevskai@yandex.ru)

Pseudomonas chlororaphis bacterium as a promising agent for biocontrol

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-002s

The antagonistic activity of the Pseudomonas chlororaphis bacterial strain isolated from healthy potato leaves by the imprint method was studied. The strain demonstrated the ability to limit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes Alternaria protenta, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Helminthosporium solani, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium luffae. The test on leaves, tubers and vegetative potato plants revealed the absence of pathogenicity of the suspension of the strain under study. The analyzed P. chlororaphis strain is promising for use as a biocontrol agent for phytopathogenic microorganisms.

Keywords: biopreparation, biological plant protection, antagonism, potato tubers, dry rot, Fusarium.

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Batov A.S., Gureeva Yu.A., Koloshina K.A. (alexandr-batov@mail.ru)

Evaluation of the suitability of potato varieties of different maturity groups for processing into crispy potatoes

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-003s

The article presents the results of a laboratory evaluation of potato varieties from the SibNIIRS collection of various maturity groups for their suitability for processing into crispy potatoes. The color of fried slices was assessed according to the Hunter Lab scale; uniformity of color and the presence of defects were additionally taken into account. The relevance of the study is due to the opening of a PepsiCo plant in the Novosibirsk Region in 2021, which increased the need for varieties suitable for industrial processing. The varieties that form a high-quality product recommended for use in chip production were identified. It was found that the varieties of earlier maturity groups more often demonstrated high technological suitability. The results obtained can be used in the practice of varietal selection and in breeding programs.

Keywords: potatoes, varieties, processing, crispy potatoes, chips.

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Vologin S.G. (semen_vologin@mail.ru)

Biometric analysis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data for potato virus Y detection

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-004s

The study showed that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results for potato virus Y (PVY) diagnostics do not follow a normal distribution. The ELISA data series is often characterized by high levels of asymmetry and kurtosis. A relationship was found between the shape of the ELISA data series and the spread of PVY through successive potato vegetative generations.

Keywords: potato, virus, diagnostics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, vegetative propagation.

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Vologin S.G., Lutfullin M.T., Lutfullina G.F., Nikolaeva A.A., Mardanova A.M. (semen_vologin@mail.ru)

Characteristics of Fusarium genus micromycetes complex infecting potatoes on Alfisoils in Republic of Tatarstan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-005s

A phytopathogenic complex of micromycetes of the genus Fusarium that infected potatoes in Alfisoils of the Republic of Tatarstan was characterized. The main pathogens of tuber dry rot, latently infected tubers, and plants affected by Fusarium wilt were members of the F. oxysporum and F. solani species groups. Most Fusarium sp. isolates were capable of inducing tuber dry rot.

Keywords: potato, Fusarium, dry rot, latent infection, Fusarium wilt, Alfisoils.

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Vologin S.G., Gizatullina A.T., Gimaeva E.A., Stasevski Z., Zakieva E.I., Amerkhanova F.R. (gizatyllina.a@mail.ru)

Evaluation of potato varieties resistance to disease development on plants and tubers

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-006s

An assessment of 13 potato varieties bred at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture of the Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences was given for their resistance to plants and tubers diseases. Complex resistance to infection by the most common phytopathogens (biotic stress factors) in the Middle Volga region was revealed in the potato varieties Tango, Blossom, Dogoda, Reggie and Courtney.

Keywords: potato, potato diseases, early blight, fusarium wilt, fusarium dry rot, common scab, viral diseases.

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Gaisina E.M., Pakina E.N., Ignatov A.N. (ignatov_an@pfur.ru)

On the issue of the transmission of viral infections through botanical potato seeds

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-007s

The transmission of viruses through seeds is a common phenomenon among species of the Potyviridae family. However, the exact mechanism and genetic basis for this transmission have not yet been fully understood, nor has the list of viruses and host plants that use this mode of transmission been fully determined. Transmission is influenced by a variety of factors, including the plant genotype, viral isolate, environmental conditions, infection stage, and viral synergy. Transmission via seeds can have a significant impact on the epidemiology of viruses. This is compounded by the fact that infected plants often do not exhibit symptoms of viral infection when transmitted through seeds. When potato clones selected from the cv. La Strada were infected with PVYnt and propagated for botanical seeds, the frequency of visible symptoms on seedlings from these seeds ranged from 0 to 4%. The frequency of infection as determined by RT-PCR analysis ranged from 1 to 8%, confirming the low frequency of transmission of potato viruses through botanical seeds. This likely depends on the genetic characteristics of the potato used. Further research is needed to assess the risk of transmission through seeds and its impact on the spread of the virus.

Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L., viruses, botanical seeds, potatoes.

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Gerr E.S., Stognienko O.I., Prikhodko Yu.N., Zhivaeva T.S., Pruchkina M.A. (stogniolga@mail.ru)

Cicadellids in Sugar Beet Crops in the Central Black Earth Region and Their Virophorism of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-008s

The virophorism of cicadellids – vectors of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (the causal agent of stolbur) – was studied in sugar beet crops in the Central Black Earth Region (CCR) during 2020-2022. The identified vector species were Hyalesthes obsoletus, Pentastiridius leporinus, and Neoaliturus fenestratus. A positive correlation was established between cicadellid abundance and increasing average daily and maximum air temperatures, as well as the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.10–0.13), while a negative correlation was found with precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), and air humidity (r = -0.09-0.24). The spread of a new disease for this crop – sugar beet phytoplasmosis (stolbur) – progressing under arid conditions, was confirmed.

Keywords: Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, stolbur, leafhoppers, vector competence, sugar beet, real-time PCR, temperature dependence, phytoplasmosis.

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Gureeva Yu.A., Batov A.S., Koloshina K.A. (gureva97@yandex.ru)

Evaluation of germplasm for breeding early-maturing potato varieties under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk Priobye

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-009s

Field studies of 25 potato varieties from the SibNIIRS collection for yield and late blight resistance were conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk Priobye in 2022-2024. Among early-maturing varieties, the highest yields at 60-70 days were observed in Holmogorsky (521-639 g/plant), Rozara (449-550 g/plant), and Kaluzhsky (411-713 g/plant). Among medium-early varieties, Shakh (412-687 g/plant) and Krasa Meshchery (451-653 g/plant) showed superior performance. High late blight resistance scores (7-8) were demonstrated by Shakh, Caprice, Baszta, Odra, Fritella, Matushka, and Krasnoyarsky Ranniy. These varieties are promising for cultivation and breeding of early-maturing late blight-resistant potatoes.

Keywords: potato, early varieties, breeding, germplasm, collection.

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Elansky S.N., Skokov D.N., Tsindeliani A.A., Elansky A.S., Kokaeva L.Yu., Yarmeeva M.M., Azimova N.Sh., Nikolaev A.V., Chudinova E.M. (snelansky@mail.ru)

Species composition of Fusarium fungi isolated from potato tubers with dry rot symptoms

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-010s

Dry rot is a dangerous disease of potato tubers. Analysis of potato tubers with dry rot symptoms from different regions of Russia, Central Asia and Africa revealed 37 species of the genus Fusarium from the complexes F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. fujikuroi, F. nisikadoi, F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. sambucinum, F. solani, F. tricinctum. Comparison of the lists of species from Russia and Central Asia showed the presence of common species, while species from Africa had virtually no overlap with species from Russia and Central Asia. Four species (F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum, F. noneumartii and F. solani) were noted in all three regions.

Keywords: fusarium dry rot, potato diseases, potato storage.

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Engalycheva I.A., Vetrova S.A., Chizhik V.K., Seredin T.M. (engirina1980@mail.ru)

Cross-pathogenicity of Fusarium fungi isolated from cultures of the Alliaceae family

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-011s

There is no data in the literature on the cross-pathogenicity of fusarium species in relation to representatives of the Alliaceae family. For the first time, the high aggressiveness of the identified F. annulatum (FFSC) and F. nirenbergiae (FOSC) species against winter garlic has been promoted. A statistically significant aggressiveness of the F. annulatum species isolated from onions against winter garlic and F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. annulatum species isolated from garlic against onions has been established.

Keywords: garlic, onion, Fusarium, fusarium rot, identification, cross-pathogenicity.

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Zeyruk V.N., Derevyagina M.K., Vasilyeva S.V., Belov G.L., Kaplin V.S., Bogoslovskaya O.A., Glushchenko N.N. (а.pasynkov08@mail.ru)

Efficacy of microelement-based nanobiopreparations in potato disease control

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-012s

The study presents the results of pre-planting tuber treatment using nanoparticles (NPs) of trace elements (Cu 10^-9 : B 10^-6 : Mo 10^-7 : Mg 10^-6) wt.% integrated into a polymer matrix based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol-400. Under laboratory conditions, the influence of NPs on the number of shoots, length, and mass of tuber sprouts was studied, allowing the determination of optimal concentrations for field trials. In production experiments, it was found that pre-sowing treatment of tubers with nanobiopreparation reduces the prevalence of Alternaria solani by 30%, the degree of damage – by 45.9% times compared to the control. The incidence of Rhizoctonia solani decreases by 2 times. The use of nanobiopreparation for treating planting material increases the overall yield by 3.3%, the yield of standard tubers by 1.47%, the proportion of healthy tubers by 5.4%, and reduces the number of diseased tubers to 1.2%. At the same time, consumer qualities of potatoes are preserved. The obtained results demonstrate the prospects of using nanotechnology in potato growing to increase the yield and phytosanitary resistance of potatoes.

Keywords: Alternaria solani Sorauer, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, nanoparticles of copper, nanoparticles of molybdenum, nanoparticles of magnesium, nanoparticles of boron, potato yield, potato quality.

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Ignatyeva I.M., Belialetdinova Y.S. (babiraignirmi@yandex.ru)

Development and approbation of a new real-time PCR for identification of Pectobacterium betavasculorum in seed material

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-013s

The study describes the effect of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium betavasculorum on the yield of a number of crops. A relevant aspect of the study is the development and implementation of reliable methods in the diagnostic protocol for the identification and detection of the causative agent of vascular necrosis of sugar beets and soft rot of vegetables. The authors present an approbation of the newly developed «real-time» polymerase chain reaction Pbv2602 F/R/P specific for Pectobacterium betavasculorum. To select primers, an approach was used to detect bacterial DNA using molecular genetic identification of different regions of the genome of a phytopathogenic bacterium, followed by file processing in the UniPro UGENE 49.1 program. Analytical sensitivity was 3·103 CFU/mL for the test performance criteria. There were no cross-reactions with strains closely related to the test bacterium. During the tests, it was found that the use of the developed test allows detecting pathogen DNA in sugar beet seed extract with 95% confidence in detection.

Keywords: vascular necrosis agent, soft rot agent, export, diagnostic protocol, molecular genetic methods, test performance criteria.

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Kameneva A.V., Sletova M.E. (alina.malina1290@gmail.com)

Cross-pathogenicity of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas sp. on crops of the Cucurbitaceae L. family and potatoes

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-014s

Potato plays a significant role in human nutrition, but pathogens, including those of bacterial etiology, can cause significant damage to crops. We isolated a bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas sp. from affected squash fruits, and in laboratory conditions assessed the nature of the manifestation of pathogenic properties and the ontogenetic specialization of this pathogen, which made it necessary to conduct cross-pathogenicity studies on potato. When infecting potato tubers with a suspension, the bacterium showed high aggressiveness and led to the development of rot and cavity formation. Thus, the range of host plants for this isolate of Pseudomonas sp. includes not only plants of the Cucurbitaceae L. family, which is important to consider when growing crops in crop rotation and conducting immunological studies.

Keywords: Pseudomonas, Solanum tuberosum, Cucurbitaceae, cross-pathogenicity, potato diseases.

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Kozar Е.G., Vetrova S.A., Muhina K.S., Chizhik V.K., Engalycheva I.A. (lana-k2201@mail.ru)

Identification and study of pathogenic properties of Fusarium fungi associated with fusarium beetroot

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-015s

The limiting factor in reducing the yield of table beet is the damage of seed material by causative agents of fusarium rot. For the first time, the species F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum and F. flagelliforme, which are part of the pathocomplex of seed beet infection, have been identified using molecular labeling and morphological characteristics. The high aggressiveness of F. acuminatum and F. flagelliforme against beet roots has been shown.

Keywords: beetroot, Fusarium, fusarium rot, identification, pathogenicity, aggressiveness.

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Koloshina K.A., Polukhin N.I., Batov A.S., Gureeva Yu.A. (kristina.koloshina@yandex.ru)

Comparative evaluation of methods for producing potato minitubers for high-quality seed material

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-016s

The results of a comparative evaluation of methods for producing potato minitubers for high-quality seed material are presented. The study was conducted on five varieties of domestic selection using aeroponic and hydroponic systems, as well as under field conditions. The relevance of the work is determined by the need for accelerated propagation of virus-free potato planting material. It was found that aeroponic systems provide the highest number of minitubers in the 20-25 mm fraction, hydroponic systems show slightly lower productivity while maintaining quality, and field conditions ensure stability of larger fractions but are more affected by external factors. The results can be used to optimize propagation technology and the establishment of the first field generation of seed potatoes.

Keywords: potato, minitubers, seed material, aeroponics, hydroponics.

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Kornev A.V., Smirnova I.V. (alexandrvg@gmail.com)

Directions of root chicory breeding

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-017s

Chicory root (Cichorium intybus var. sativum) – a unique crop with very high ecological plasticity, which makes it possible to obtain high yields of root crops in a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions. Most of the varieties zoned in the Central region of Russia are characterized by a high degree of adaptability to the conditions of the National Forest of the Russian Federation, where chicory production is mainly concentrated, high yields and excellent chemical and technological qualities, but they have long root crops, which is why they do not meet the requirements of modern agricultural technologies and require serious breeding refinement. Root chicory breeding is aimed at increasing the yield and quality of products (high inulin content, high technological qualities, shelf life during long-term storage), early ripening, suitability for mechanized cultivation, resistance to diseases and pests. The Rostov Chicory Experimental Station (Yaroslavl region) has been engaged in root chicory breeding for 55 years. The station staff created 5 varieties: Rostovsky, Petrovsky, Nikolsky, Favorit, Yaroslavsky 1.

Keywords: chicory root, breeding, root crop shape, inulin.

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Krivonos K.S., Lokshin G.V., Zeyruk V.N., Belov G.L., Maltsev S.V., Chudinova E.M., Elansky S.N. (krivonos@pyrofx.ru)

Efficacy of disinfectant smoke generators produced by LLC «Pirospetseffekt» for disinfecting potato storage facilities and treating tubers before storage

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-018s

Tests of the disinfectant smoke generators «InfectoMAX orthophenylphenol» and «InfectoMAX paraformaldehyde» demonstrated their high effectiveness against fungi and bacteria when used in potato storage facilities before product loading. The use of «InfectoMAX orthophenylphenol» and «AromaMAX zhivitsa» for treating tubers before storage showed a slight positive effect in reducing tuber disease incidence and storage losses.

Keywords: potato, black scab, dry rot, common scab, fumigant blocks, orthophenylphenol, paraformaldehyde, turpentine, Fusarium.

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Krivonos K.S., Lokshin G.V., Belov G.L., Zeyruk V.N. (krivonos@pyrofx.ru)

Efficacy of insecticidal agent «PROXIDER BIO» produced by LLC «Pirospetseffekt» against Colorado potato beetle

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-019s

This field study demonstrated the efficacy of a product based on low-dispersion marshalite and hydrophilic silicon dioxide «PROXIDER BIO» against colorado potato beetle. Its biological effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle has been shown at all stages of development.

Keywords: potato, silicon dioxide, biological effectiveness, fleas, Colorado potato beetle.

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Kuznetsova M.A., Demidova V.N., Semeniuk I.N., Smetanina T.I., Erokhova M.D., Statsyuk N.V., Rogozhin A.N. (mari.kuznetsova@gmail.com)

Reduction of the potato early blight severity using modern fungicides

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-020s

The results of field trials conducted in the Moscow Region to evaluate the efficacy of chemical fungicides Miravis, SC (0.35 L/ha, a.i. pydiflumetofen), Signum, WG (0.3 kg/ha, a.i. boscalid + pyraclostrobin), and Penncozeb, WP (1.6 kg/ha, a.i. mancozeb) against potato early blight are presented. Under epiphytotic conditions, the highest biological efficacy (85%) was demonstrated by Miravis, SC. The efficacy of the other preparations reached 74 (Signum, WG) and 56% (Penncozeb, WP). The increase in the yield and marketable tuber fraction compared to the control were the following: Miravis, SC – 14 t/ha and 21%; Signum, WG – 12 t/ha and 20%; Penncozeb, SP – 8 t/ha and 15%, respectively.

Keywords: potato early blight, Alternaria solani, fungicides, biological efficiency, yield, potato.

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Kusak A.A., Bliznyuk U.A., Borshchegovskaya P.Yu., Zubritskaya Ya.V., Zolotov S.A., Malyuga A.A., Mezhetova I.T., Nikitchenko A.D., Rodin I.A., Chernyaev A.P., Chulikova N.S., Yurov D.S. (kusak.aa22@physics.msu.ru)

The impact of low-energy ionizing radiation on the sowing qualities of potato varieties Gala and Fioletovy

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-021s

Based on a two-year field experiment, the effect of pre-planting potato treatment with doses ranging from 5 to 30 Gy varied depending on the radiation type and tuber variety. Weather conditions in each year also influenced the results. Accelerated electron irradiation with doses of 15, 20, and 30 Gy had a positive effect on crop productivity in the first year of the study, increasing the yield of the Fioletovy potato variety by 20-63%. Both types of radiation also had a beneficial effect on the phytopathogenic status of the new crop, reducing the incidence of net necrosis (caused by Rhizoctonia solani). In the second year of the study, radiation treatment was less effective in controlling the disease, but yields increased by up to 40% of the control values for the Gala variety and up to 20% for the Fioletovy variety.

Keywords: Radiation treatment, agriculture, potatoes, X-rays, accelerated electrons, Rhizoctonia solani.

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Mezhetova I.T., Bliznyuk U.A., Borshchegovskaya P.Yu., Zubritskaya Ya.V., Zolotov S.A., Ipatova V.S., Kozlova E.K., Malyuga A.A., Nikitchenko A.D., Oprunenko A.Yu., Rodin I.A., Chernyaev A.P., Chulikova N.S., Yurov D.S. (mezhetova.it19@physics.msu.ru)

The effect of pre-planting irradiation on the biochemical parameters of potato crop during storage

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-022s

This article presents the results of a study of the effect of pre-planting radiation treatment of Gala and Fioletovy varieties potatoes with low-energy accelerated electrons and X-rays on the state of its crop during storage. Based on the observation, the treatment led to an increase in the length of the tuber’s shoots. For the Fioletovy variety, their length by the 4th month exceeded the control values up to 2 times. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed an increased content of volatile compounds in tubers in crops grown from irradiated tubers. Based on the data obtained, using machine learning methods, it was possible to successfully divide the potato crop into the one whose seed was or was not irradiated. The classification accuracy was 75-100%, depending on the variety and the month of storage.

Keywords: radiation treatment, agriculture, potatoes, X-rays, accelerated electrons, machine learning methods, GC-MS, reducing sugars.

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Miroshnikov A.A. (lemon_90@mail.ru)

Cultivation of chicory varieties on soddy-podzolic soil for processing into inulin-containing preparations

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-023s

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a perennial plant widely used in medicine and cooking for its beneficial properties. This article examines the cultivation of the Petrovsky and Znakhar chicory varieties in the Kostroma and Moscow regions, and also analyzes their agronomic characteristics and inulin content. The high inulin content (up to 21.75%) in the Petrovsky variety's roots is an important indicator of its nutritional value, potential health benefits, and suitability for processing into inulin-containing products.

Keywords: chicory, inulin, chicory root, carbohydrate composition.

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Mikhel I.M., Barashkova A.S., Rogozhin E.A. (joseph.mikhel@yandex.ru)

Potential of plant antimicrobial peptides for protection of potato from late blight

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-024s

This paper reveals biological activity of several plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and plant peptide extracts on growth and development of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, a potato and tomato late blight cause agent. High grades of pathogen inhibition and significant morphological changes are shown for some AMPs from Nigella sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Stellaria media и Triticum kiharae and peptide extracts from several medicine plants (Chelidonium majus, Inula helenium, Equisetum arvense, Laurus nobilis, Camellia sinensis, Hypericum perforatum) in conditions of in vitro и ex vivo bioassays. Such a result presents plant AMPs as potential antioomycetal agents for crop protection.

Keywords: antimicrobial peptides, peptide extracts, plants, Phytophthora infestans.

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Nadezhkin S.M., Peliy A.F., Markarova M.Y., Molchanova A.V. (nadegs@yandex.ru)

Influence of silicon-containing fertilizer ApaSil on yield and conservation of table beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-025s

The use of the silicon-containing preparation ApaSil in its seed and foliar treatment of plants had a positive effect on the yield and conservation of root beet. The use of ApaSil for pre-seeding increased productivity by 3.2 t/ha, and its use for non-root feeding in doses of 200-400 g/ha resulted in an increase in yield of 3.1-3.9 t/ha. In adverse weather conditions, the application of ApaSil provided a significant reduction in disease losses – with pre-seeding treatment of seeds by 3.5% and foliar treatments – by another 1.4-2.0%.

Keywords: beet canteen, silicon, foliar processing, yield, conservation.

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Nikolaev A.V., Elansky S.N., Astaikina A.A., Kubarev E.N., Chudinova E.M., Smirnova I.V., Shoba S.A. (snelansky@mail.ru)

Application of herbicides in chicory root crops

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-026s

One of the problems of growing root chicory in Russia is the lack of registered chemical plant protection products, including herbicides. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of using herbicides on chicory crops that are used on chicory abroad and approved in Russia for use on other crops. It is shown that the preparations Zeta and Paradox, taking into account the studied application regulations (the dose of the preparation applied, the development phase of the protected crop, the development phase of the weeds), were effective against dicotyledonous weeds and safe for chicory. In the case of development of monocotyledonous weeds in crops, Fusilade Forte and Zellek-super can be recommended, which also did not cause damage to chicory. Betanal 22 caused leaf burns, but the plants quickly recovered after its application. Zenkor Ultra and Titus are not recommended, as they caused severe burns to the leaves of chicory plants and had a negative impact on their growth and development after use.

Keywords: chicory, herbicide, weed, root crop yield, plant protection.

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Partoev K., Simakov E.A., Aliev U.K., Kubarev E.N. (pkurbonali@mail.ru)

Varying the yield of potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the conditions of the Fayzabad district of Tajikistan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-027s

The presented article examines the influence of the environmental conditions of the Fayzabad region of Tajikistan at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level on the degree of variation in yields of different potato varieties. It has been established that the soil and climatic conditions of the mountainous zone have a positive effect on the level of economically valuable characteristics of potato cultivars. In the conditions of the mountainous zone, the yield of potato cultivars ranged from 5.9 to 28.4 t/ha. At the same time, potato cultivars of Tajik breeding MIK- No 60, MIK-Picasso, Faizi Istiklol and Russian breeding Ariel, Sadon and Flagship showed high yields in the mountainous zone of Tajikistan.

Keywords: potatoes, cultivars, productivity, yield, ecology, Tajikistan.

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Partoev К., Sattorov B.N., Aliev U.A., Mirzoali S. (pkurbonali@mail.ru)

The role of breeding in increasing adaptation plants and food security in Tajikistan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-028s

The scientific results on the creation of new promising varieties of a number of agricultural crops, which are currently widely cultivated in the lands of farms in Tajikistan, are presented. Based on the analysis of the work of local and foreign breeders, it has been established that in the future, breeding methods such as remote interspecific hybridization, mutagenesis and introduction play an important role in adapting crops to climate change and improving food security. Due to the fact that global climate change causes an increase in air temperature, an increase in soil salinity, a lack of moisture in the soil, an increase in the number of pests and plant diseases, and so on, they require increased genetics and breeding research in the future.

Keywords: breeding, variety, productivity, wheat, potato, jerusalem artichoke, adaptation, food safety, climate change, Tajikistan.

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Prikhodko Y.N., Zhivaeva T.S., Pruchkina M.A., Selyavkin S.N., Lozovaya E.N., Shneyder Y.A., Stognienko O.I., Gerr E.S. (prihodko_yuri59@mail.ru)

Beet black blight virus (Betanecrovirus betae) – detection in the territory of the Russian Federation and genetic characteristics of the identified isolates

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-029s

The article presents data on the first detection in the Russian Federation of beet black scorch virus (BBSV), which causes leaf necrosis and death of sugar beet plants, which leads to significant losses in the yield of root crops. The virus was identified using enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction using primers to two regions of the genome. Analysis of the obtained sequences showed a high identity of nucleotide sequences in the identified isolates with Iranian BBSV isolates.

Keywords: sugar beet, Beet black scorch virus, BBSV, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, primers.

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Romashkin R.A., Kamenetskaya O.V. (ok_kamen@mail.ru)

The Russian Potato Market: Current State, Challenges, and Strategic Development Priorities

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-030s

The article investigates the causes of the unprecedented surge in potato prices in Russia in 2025 and develops strategic priorities to overcome the systemic crisis in the industry. Economic and statistical analysis revealed that the price shock was driven by structural imbalances: a reduction in sown areas, a two-fold gap in yield compared to world leaders, and a critical dependence on imported seed material. As a result, the level of potato self-sufficiency dropped to 91.6% in 2024, falling short of the 95% target set by the Doctrine of Food Security. As a strategic response, the authors propose a set of measures, including: (1) the launch of a federal project to support small agribusiness and develop cooperation (agro-aggregators); (2) the accelerated creation of special seed production zones for import substitution in breeding; (3) a reorientation towards the export of deep-processing products.

Keywords: potato farming, food security, import substitution, seed production, yield, price shock, agro-aggregators.

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Seredin T.M., Khaustova N.A., Baranova E.V., Sletova M.E., Shumilina V.V., Kokhtenkova I.G. (timofey-seredin@rambler.ru)

The main morphometric and economically valuable signs of Allium ascalonicum L. in the conditions of the Moscow region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-031s

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) – according to the botanical classification belongs to the Asparagaceae order, the Onion family (Alliaceae) and the onion genus (Allium L.). 101 varieties of shallots have been added to the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2025. Agricultural production is constantly in need of new highly productive varieties, for the creation of which it is necessary to have initial forms with a complex of valuable characteristics. The creation and study of new varieties of shallots is of exceptional interest in the experimental production of original forms. The present research presents a collection nursery of shallots in the amount of 33 collection and breeding samples. It was shown that mostly (66%) shallot cultivars were represented with a yellow color of dry integumentary scales. On the basis of «leaf width», varietal differences were found in the group of cultivars: 126, 138, 147, 166 and Sh-43. It was noted that intersort differences in leaf weight from one plant were shown. We have shown a group of cultivars (Volgogradsky, Nafan, Odintsovo 1 and Jasper) with a maximum trait index of 150.1-190.0 g.

Keywords: shallots, morphometric signs, economically useful indicators, onion.

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Starovoitov V.I., Вyzov V.A., Manokhina A.A., Starovoitova O.A. (agronir1@mail.ru)

Cultivation and processing of Jerusalem artichoke vegetable culture in Russia

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-032s

Jerusalem artichoke is a tuber crop of the Asteraceae family. In 2025, five Jerusalem artichoke varieties were included in the Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation: Skorospelka, Omskiy Bely, Solnechny, Pasko, and Interes. Yield studies of the hybrids included in the Register and new ones demonstrated promising prospects for Jerusalem artichoke production in Russia. Green mass yield in experiments reached 99.5 t/ha; tuber yield – 95.2 t/ha. The following varieties (hybrids) demonstrated the highest green mass yield: Sireniki (51.9 t/ha), Pasko (64.2 t/ha), Solnechny (55.1 t/ha), and Skorospelka Ovoshchnaya (99.5 t/ha). The most productive varieties in terms of tubers were Sireniki (67.3 t/ha), Pasko (70.7 t/ha), Solnechny (63.9 t/ha), Gigant (95.2 t/ha), Favorit (87.8 t/ha), Solnechny Krasny (66.9 t/ha), Skorospelka Vegetable (89.0 t/ha).

Keywords: Jerusalem artichoke, tubers, yield, inulin introduction, diabetes, powder, syrup.

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Stebnitskaia K.S., Baikov A.A., Domblides A.S. (k-korottseva@yandex.ru)

Influence of functional genes on carotenoid accumulation in carrot root

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-033s

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) enables to accumulate various carotenoids, such as β- and α-carotene, lutein, and lycopene. Increased carotenoid content corresponds to a high level of gene expression responsible for carotene synthesis involved in metabolite biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we analyzed the expression of seven genes PSY1, PSY2, PDS, ZDS, LCYB1, LCYE, and ZEP encoding major enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis in five carrot varieties with different root color using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The highest activity of these genes was observed in two genotypes with orange-colored roots, Touchon and Nantes Clodia 2. The purple-colored genotype Purple Dragon containing anthocyanin has a high level of carotene nearby to the Touchon variety as confirmed analysis that can be regarded as the nutritionally valuable genotype.

Keywords: carrot, carotenoids, RT-qPCR, gene expression, Daucus carota.

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Tikhonova T.O., Kozar E.G., Stepanov V.A., Engalycheva I.A. (tikhonova@tatyana94.ru)

Comprehensive assessment of carrot collection material and creation of source material for mechanized technology

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-034s

In the laboratory of selection and seed production of root crops at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center, one of the priority directions is the creation of F₁ hybrids for soils of medium-heavy granulometric composition of the Shantenу variety type, suitable for mechanized technology. The creation of new breeding material and parent lines begins with the study of genetically diverse collection material to identify sources of target traits, which was the goal of this research. As a result, according to the leaf rosette traits, most of the 11 samples matched the variety model requirements, while in terms of root crop traits, only some of them can be considered as sources of individual traits. In total, the most interesting varieties for selection may include Zanoharia Carrot (France), Shanteny 2461 (Russia), and the Canada F₁ hybrid (Bejo).

Keywords: carrot, selection, source material, carrot diseases, group resistance.

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Khaitbaeva N.S., Yesenova D.B. (khaytbayevanodira@mail.ru)

Fungal diseases of potatoes in the extreme conditions of Uzbekistan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-035s

The distribution and symptoms of early blight (Alternaria spp.), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp.), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) were analyzed in the Disim Palak, Sante, and Gala potato varieties grown under the extreme conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Biofungicides with high efficacy against Fusarium wilt and early blight were proposed. The results can be used by potato farmers.

Keywords: potato, early blight, Fusarium wilt, late blight, fungal diseases, Santa, Dosim Palak, Gala, fungicide.

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Chudinova E.M., Diakite S., Osei G., Norku B., Benson-Obeng G., Еlansky A.S., Skokov D.N., Tsindeliani A.A., Pakina E.N., Еlansky S.N. (chudinova_em@pfur.ru)

Species Diversity of Fungi Isolated from Potato Tubers Grown in Benin

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-036s

An analysis of the species diversity and biological properties of Fusarium spp. strains isolated from potato tubers exhibiting dry rot symptoms grown in the Republic of Benin was conducted. DNA sequences of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region and the translation elongation factor 1α (tef 1α) gene were analyzed. The following species were identified: Fusarium glycines, F. falciforme, F. noneumartii, F. solani, F. tardicrescens, and F. transvaalense. F. tardicrescens and F. transvaalense were detected on potatoes for the first time. Three strains were identical and most closely related to F. gossypinum; however, their exact species assignment requires further verification. A test on a nutrient medium with the addition of a fungicide showed that the analyzed strains were susceptible to the fungicides thiabendazole (EC₅₀: 0.5-2.3 mg/l; EC₉₀: 0.9-9 mg/l) and difenoconazole (EC₅₀: 0.1-10.9 mg/l; EC₉₀: 7-46 mg/l). Pathogenicity analysis was performed on tuber slices and on whole potato tubers at temperatures of +10°C and +25°C. Interstrain differences in growth rate on potato tissue were revealed. In tests on tubers, two strains from the F. oxysporum species complex and one F. solani strain developed actively both at +10°C and +25°C. The remaining strains grew extremely slowly at a temperature of +10°C.

Keywords: dry rot, fusarium, potato storage, potato diseases, Fusarium.

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Chudinova E.M., Tsindeliani A.A., Skokov D.N., Belov G.L., Zeyruk V.N., Elansky S.N. (chudinova_em@pfur.ru)

Effect of treatment of potato tubers with thiabendazole on the development of fungal diseases during storage

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-037s

After 7 months of storage, tubers treated with thiabendazole after harvesting showed no development of Fusarium dry rot but were affected by black spot (caused by Colletotrichum coccodes) and silver scurf (caused by Helminthosporium solani). Analysis of H. solani strains isolated from thiabendazole-treated tubers after storage showed that all strains were resistant to thiabendazole and had a mutation in the β-tubulin gene. C. coccodes strains from thiabendazole-treated tubers did not have mutations in the β-tubulin gene. Results of the study show that treatment with thiabendazole-containing preparations is effective against dry rot but is weakly effective against black spot and silver scurf.

Keywords: potato storage, fusarium, Fusarium, dry rot of tuber, black spot, silver scab, potato diseases.

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Shamin A.A., Stognienko O.I. (proet@mail.ru)

Distribution of quantity and biomass of soil fungi in the arable horizon of sugar beet fields of the Chernozem region with different agricultural practices

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-038s

Main tillage and fertilization background affect the distribution of the number and biomass of soil fungi, including phytopathogenic ones, over the arable horizon. Plowing with layer turnover promotes the movement of microscopic fungi from the upper to the lower layers, so the distribution of their number and biomass over the layers is smoother and, as a result, the prevalence of rot is less.

Keywords: Sugar beet, main tillage, fertilization background, phytopathogenic soil fungi, biomass of soil fungi, rot of the root system of sugar beet.