SOIL PROPERTIES

Akhrarova A.S., Gaffarova L.G., Lukmanov A.A. (akhrarova.anastasiya@mail.ru, anaslukmanov@mail.ru)

Assessment of agrochemical parameters of post-irrigation agro-dark-grey soils in Volga-Meshin landscape district of the Republic of Tatarstan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-001

The properties and regimes of post-irrigation zonal soils, the main trends of the soil-forming process were studied, and the relationship between agrochemical parameters was determined using the example of a homogeneous area of agro-dark gray medium-humus heavy loamy soils (Grey-Luvic Phaeozems, WRB) with the yield of spring wheat. As a result of thirty years of irrigation of the studied area, according to the data of monitoring sections, an increase in the thickness of the humus horizon by 10.2 cm is observed in comparison with the zonal agro-dark gray type. When growing vegetable crops on the studied area, an insignificant accumulation of organic matter content up to 12.7% and its reserves in 20 cm by 15%, and in the 100 cm layer by 3% is observed in comparison with areas without irrigation. In the absorption complex, with long-term irrigation, the content of calcium and magnesium in the upper part of the profile decreases against the background of periodically carried out liming. Significant migration of the silt fraction as a result of the intensification of the lessivage process in the upper part of the profile contributed to significant compaction in the illuvial horizon, which is confirmed by the electrical conductivity data of the Topsoil Mapper device at a depth of 50-70 cm (weighted average values 61.9 Cm). Electrical conductivity values obtained at different depths (10, 30, 50, 70 cm) reflect the general trend of spatial variability and profile anisotropy of genetic horizons, allow us to record zones of compaction, excess moisture, changes in environmental reaction and nutrient content, and to determine them quantitatively using the obtained regression equations.

Keywords: agrochemical properties of soils, Topsoil Mapper scanner, soil electrical conductivity, agro-gray medium-humus heavy loamy post-irrigation soil.

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FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Raschenko A.V., Stupakov A.G., Muravyev A.A., Efimova L.A., Sergeeva V.A. (rasch-art@yandex.ru, Stupakov_AG@bsaa.edu.ru)

Macronutrients content in soil when applying foliar top dressing of winter wheat against the background of mineral nutrition in the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-002

The article presents the results of the content of macronutrients in the soil under crops of winter wheat of the May Jubilee variety in field experiments using foliar top-dressings of plants by spraying with complex organomineral fertilizers BelRM-1, BelRM-2, BelRM-1 (pH-), BelRM-2 (pH-), CompleMet, Intermag and Aquamix ST. As a background fertilizer, Azofoska was applied at a dose of N₆₀Р₆₀К₆₀. The factor of application of fertilizers is superimposed on the factor of the timing of their application: the phase of tillering, tubing and earing in different variations. The use of leaf fertilizing increases the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, especially during three-fold crop treatments during critical phases of growth and development of the crop. The highest content of readily hydrolyzable nitrogen was observed when BelRM-2 was introduced into the tillering, tubing, earing and Intermag preparation phases against the background of mineral nutrition N₆₀Р₆₀К₆₀, 131 and 112 mg/kg, respectively. In the experiment, a comparison of three-time treatment with preparations of the BelRM series at different levels of acidity of working solutions was carried out. Thus, in the variant with BelRM-2 (pH-), a decrease in the content of nitrogen by 14 mg/kg and phosphorus by 40 mg/kg was noted. A decrease in the pH of BelRM-1 leads to a decrease in the content of only mobile phosphorus by 49 mg/kg. The change in the acidity of the solution has no effect on the content of exchangeable potassium.

Keywords: winter wheat, foliar top-dressings, organomineral fertilizers, macronutrients.

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Ivanov A.I., Ivanova Zh.A., Khomyakov Yu.V. (ivanovai2009@yandex.ru)

Agronomic efficiency of iodine foliar feeding of beet

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-003

Comprehensive assessment of the agronomic efficiency of foliar feeding of table beet with a solution of potassium iodide, as well as the potential for iodine bioaccumulation. The methodological basis was a microfield experiment in vegetable crop rotation on well-cultivated agrosoddy-weakly podzolic light loamy soil with a total iodine content of 790 μg/kg, mobile compounds – 6 μg/kg. The object of the study was table beet of the Dvusemyannaya TSKhA variety, cultivated against the background of complete mineral fertilizer at a dose of N₉₀P₃₀K₂₁₀ and standardized irrigation during dry periods. The experimental design included 4 variants: control, single, double and triple spraying of cabbage plantings with 0.02% KI solution at a rate of 30 ml/m2. A reliable positive effect of iodine on the duration of the root crop formation period, resistance of table beet plants to the causative agent of common scab, the bioproduction process and the quality of root crops was established. The efficiency of foliar feeding increased with an increase in their frequency up to 3 units. As a result, the prevalence of common scab was consistently reduced from 26.3 to 9.7-18.0%, its development – from 1.11 to 0.15-0.33 points, yield losses – from 1.142 to 0.292-0.607 kg/m². At the same time, the commercial productivity was increased from 2.935 to 3.732-4.571 kg/m², the marketability of root crops – from 72 to 86-94%, and the iodine content in their dry matter – from 161 to 467-884 μg/kg.

Keywords: table beet, potassium iodide, foliar feeding, agronomic efficiency, root crop yield, iodine content.

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Kloster N.I., Azarov V.B., Borisenko G.O., Lotkova V.V. (lotkova.2001@mail.ru)

Experience of increasing chickpea productivity in the Central Chernozem Region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-004

The article presents the results of a field experiment conducted in 2019-2020 on typical chernozem in the south-west of the Central Chernozem Region (the Belgorod Region). The material highlights the results of studies on the use of mineral fertilizers on chickpea crops at different seeding rates (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 million units/ha). The fertilizer application factor includes a combination of macro- (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micronutrients based on ammonium molybdate against the background of the control variant without fertilizers. The results obtained indicate an increase in yield by 0.17 t/ha with an increase in the seeding rate from 0.6 to 1.0 million units/ha. At the same time, there is a decrease in the protein content in chickpeas by 2.86%. The use of molybdenum fertilizers makes it possible to generate yields at the level of 25.2% with lower doses of macronutrients (N₄₆P₅₇K₅₅ + Mo), whereas with the N₅₈P₁₁₄K₁₁₀ + Mo obtained 0.4% protein higher than the average in terms of the seeding rate. The judgment on the effect of molybdenum fertilizers is also valid for the yield index, which amounted to 1.59 and 1.64 t/ha with the application of N₄₆P₅₇K₅₅ + Mo and N₅₈P₁₁₄K₁₁₀ + Mo, respectively, averages the factor of the seeding rate.

Keywords: chickpeas, molybdenum, crop density, macronutrients, complete mineral fertilizer, yield, protein.

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Vasilieva S.V., Zeyruk V.N., Belov G.L., Drozdov V.V. (vzeyruk@mail.ru)

Influence of organic-mineral fertilizer Epin plus on potato yield in the soil and climatic conditions of the Moscow region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-005

The article summarizes the results of research in 2022-2024 on the effect of a new promising organic mineral fertilizer with the growth-regulating effect of Epin Plus on potato productivity in the soil and climatic zone of podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils of the Taiga forest region of the Russian Federation (the second agro-climatic zone) at the experimental base of the Russian Potato Research Centre (Moscow region, Kraskovo village). Epin Plus contains a complex of substances: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), boron, fulvic acids, 24-epibrassinolide and organic matter. The results of the experiment showed that the studied drug was more effective than the reference version. Its use had a stimulating effect on the development of potato plants in all studied doses of application, which positively affected the number of stems, the weight of the tops, the number of tubers forming and, accordingly, the total yield and yield of marketable potatoes. The maximum yield of tubers in the amount of 23.5 t/ha was obtained in the variant with the treatment of planting material and plants in the phases of full shoots and budding with Epin Plus 120 ml/ha, the yield of commercial potatoes in this variant was 19.8 t/ha, which, respectively, is 27.7% and 29.2% higher control. The yield in the control was 18.4 t/ha. Based on the data obtained, Epin Plus, an organic mineral fertilizer with a growth-regulating effect, is recommended for the treatment of planting material and plants in the phases of full shoots and budding at consumption rates of 30 ml/t and 120 ml/ha.

Keywords: potatoes, growth regulators, organic mineral fertilizer, Epin Plus, yield.

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ECOLOGY PROBLEMS

Mishchenko N.V., Chugay N.V., Ragimov A.O., Sklyar V.V. (natmich3@mail.ru, chugaj-n@yandex.ru, pifo@mail.ru, varvara_golcova@mail.ru)

Assessment of meadow biocoenosis state in territory of the protected historical-landscape complex

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-006

A study of plant biocoenosis was conducted on the territory of the historical and landscape complex of regional significance «Bogolyubsky Meadow» in the Vladimir region. The levels of biodiversity of plant communities were established based on the factors of anthropogenic influence. In areas with pronounced anthropogenic influence, there is a decrease in the species composition, which is largely represented by wild plants that are well adapted and show high resistance to external influences. In more remote areas, synanthropized phytocenoses with a richer species composition and density are more common; initial stages of changes are observed in their structure. The adjacent territory adjacent to the historical and landscape complex «Bogolyubsky Meadow» is characterized by high saturation of plant species diversity, which, under the conditions of anthropogenic transformation, led to a pronounced mixture of cultivated and wild plants.

Keywords: floodplain soils, landscape, plants, anthropogenic impact, protected areas.

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Evseev V.V., Izvekova T.V., Zayceva A.O., Agapova I.B., Gushchin A.A. (volodya_evseev_1998@mail.ru, irina_hiterman@mail.ru)

Influence of priority pollutants present in soil cover of the city on plant growth and photosynthetic activity

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-007

The study is devoted to determining the level of chemical pollution of the soil cover in the City of Ivanovo by priority pollutants (heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons), as well as studying the impact of pollutants on physiological processes occurring in plants and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) growing in anthropogenic phytocenoses within the city. The content levels of controlled pollutants in the soil were compared with regulated values. An assessment was made of indicators of adverse effects on the ecological state of the studied area (the concentration coefficient of chemicals and the total index of chemical pollution). The results obtained allowed us to identify the main pollutants that negatively affect the photosynthetic activity of plants.

Keywords: pollutants, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, photosynthesis, pigments, chlorophyll, phytocoenosis, soil ecological condition.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES

Zagoruyko M.V., Sinih Y.N., Kubarev E.N. (miho2000@mail.ru, uoc_msu@mail.ru, Kubarevmsu@mail.ru)

Study of various measures to combat Sosnowsky's hogweed, first growing season

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-008

Article describes in detail the established experiment to study measures to combat Sosnowsky's hogweed (H. sosnowskyi). The introduction briefly presents the reasons for such a large-scale spread of Sosnowsky's hogweed as a species. The reasons for its use in agriculture are determined, and an assumption is made about the reasons for its acquisition of invasive elements. A brief analysis of methods for combating H. sosnowskyi is presented, an ecological assessment of various approaches is given, which is a comparative research method. The established experiment is described in detail and data on weed infestation, soil indicators, climatic data of the first vegetation period of the experiment are presented; the morphological method and the method of soil-regime observations were used in the process of data collection. The result of the experiment was a large array of data, which made it possible to statistically reliably perform an agrochemical analysis of soils, weed infestation of plots, and make an economic assessment of control measures, which is a numerical-statistical research method.

Keywords: Sosnowsky’s hogweed, Mantegazzi hogweed, Persian hogweed, Siberian hogweed, giant hogweed, control measures, agricultural errors, harm of herbicides, environmental control methods.

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Morachevskaya E.V., Mikhalev E.S., Kamler A.V., Bayazitov V.M., Nikonov R.V. (mikhalevec@gmail.com, agrosoil@mail.ru)

Using plasma-activated water to stimulate barley seed germination

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-009

The study on the impact of cavitation-plasma activated water on barley seed germination revealed a clear dependence on treatment mode and cultivar specificity. Treatment with mode No 4 (1 kW, 1 cycle) significantly stimulated germination of the Cadix cultivar, increasing the share of germinated seeds to 100%, root length by 23%, and seedling height by 25%. For brewing cultivars Avalon and Margret, the maximum effect (a 9% increase in germination energy) was observed with modes No 5 (6 kW, 2 cycles) and No 7 (4 kW, 2 cycles). The key efficacy factor was the hydrogen peroxide concentration, aligning with the ‘oxidative window’ concept. The results demonstrate the method's potential as an alternative to traditional seed treatment, though the effect's instability and the synergy mechanisms of plasma-activated water's active components require further investigation.

Keywords: plasma, water treatment, hydrogen peroxide, growth regulator, seed germination, germination energy, bioassay, barley.

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Skipin L.N., Gaevaya E.V., Zakharova E.V., Tarasova S.S., Fisunov N.V. (2016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

Response of nodule bacteria to salinity conditions in the nutrient medium

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-010

In the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Western Siberia, approximately 10 million ha are subject to natural salinization, which is compounded by technogenic salinization caused by hydrocarbon extraction. Model laboratory experiments examined the response of legume root nodule bacteria – phytomeliorants to the degree and chemistry of nutrient salinization to support a scientifically based approach to the reclamation of natural and man-made saline areas. The death parameters (SD₅₀ and SD₉₉) for nodule bacteria in model laboratory experiments with respect to different salinization chemisms, characteristic of both solonetz and drill cuttings were established. Reclamation of these objects using legume crops – phytomeliorants is important in terms of using biological nitrogen due to its fixation by nodule bacteria from the atmosphere. This allows to reduce the main costs of using expensive nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen fixation by the soil cover on saline soils directly depends on the concentration of salts and the degree of chemistry. These studies are necessary to determine in the nodule bacteria of alfalfa and sweet clover easily soluble salts that have the greatest toxic effects in order to determine the parameters of rhizobia death in 50 and 99% on saline nutrient media when determining the critical parameters of salt concentration, pH of the medium, osmotic pressure at different salinity chemisms.

Keywords: nodule bacteria, strains, chemistry and degree of salinization, solonetz, drill cuttings.

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Belous N.M., Smolsky E.V., Malyavko G.P., Belous I.N., Chesalyn S.F. (belous_nm@mail.ru)

Impact of chemistries on amino acid composition of crop production

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-011

The results of studies for the period 1993-2017 on the effect of chemicalization agents on changes in the amino acid content in crop production in the conditions of radioactively contaminated soddy-podzolic sandy soils of the south-west of the Bryansk region are presented. As a result of research, it was found that the complex use of chemicalization agents in the cultivation of crops allows a significant or average change the amino acid content in the plant product. It was found that potato tubers contain the most asparagine, oat grain – proline, green mass and lupine grain – arginine and winter rye grain – glutamic acid. The content of amino acids in lupine grain is 3-4 times higher than in grain crops, which can be used to create combined fodders for different groups of farm animals, significantly improving the quality of the fodder while reducing cost.

Keywords: chemicalizers, amino acid composition, potatoes, oats, winter rye, narrow-leaved lupine, soddy-podzolic sandy soil.

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Pasynkov A.V. (а.pasynkov08@mail.ru)

Changing the technological qualities of winter triticale grain during its fractionation

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-012

The efficiency of fractionation of winter triticale grain on standard sieves with oblong holes was studied with the aim of developing a method for regulating the main indicators of its quality. It has been shown that grain of different fractions of winter triticale differs significantly in a wide range of indicators of technological qualities and biochemical composition. Fractionation of triticale grain samples taken from homogeneous large lots and carrying out the corresponding analytical work allows us to determine the quality indicators of interest to the producer, both of the original sample and of its constituent fractions, and statistical processing of the results – their dependence on the grain thickness. Then, by correctly selecting and installing the upper and/or lower sieves on the secondary cleaning grain and seed cleaning machines, it is possible to significantly change the main quality indicators of a specific batch of stored winter triticale grain in the desired direction to the conditions regulated by GOSTs or required by consumers.

Keywords: winter triticale, fractionation, sieves, 1000 grain weight, natural weight, germination, protein, starch, «falling number», ash, fiber.

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Degtyareva I.A., Zubkova A.D. (peace-1963@mail.ru, zubkovaad@mail.ru)

Microbiota of packaged soilgrounds

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-013

The most in-demand soilgrounds in Russian retail chains were selected for the study, namely: universal substrates (produced by «Trading House ARS» LLC and TERRA VITA), seedling substrate (BIOTERRA KEVA), and flower substrate («Paranginskoye Peat Enterprise» LLC). The microbiota of the studied soils (gray forest soil without plants and with plants, and greenhouse soil) and soil substrates was assessed based on the abundance of ammonifying, diazotrophic, denitrifying, phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms, actinobacteria, and micromycetes. Among the soil samples, greenhouse soil had the highest number of ammonifiers. Among the soil substrates, the universal substrate produced by «Trading House ARS» LLC was unique in terms of the abundance of this group of microorganisms, showing 5.7-20.0 times higher counts compared to others. Diazotrophic bacteria were present in comparable numbers in all samples (4.6-5.0 x 10⁶ CFU/g), with slightly lower counts in soil without plants (3.0 x 10⁶ CFU/g). The highest number of diazotrophs was found in the universal substrate from «Trading House ARS» LLC. Denitrifiers were present in equal quantities (2.5 x 10⁶ CFU/g) across all tested variants, except for the universal soil substrates, which had an order of magnitude fewer denitrifying microorganisms. Phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms were present in nearly all studied variants in similar quantities (0.7-1.7 x 10⁶ CFU/g). The universal substrate from «Trading House ARS» LLC stood out with the highest number (4.8 x 10⁶ CFU/g), which is 2.8-8.0 times higher than in the other variants. The highest number of actinobacteria was also recorded in this substrate (9.7 x 10⁶ CFU/g), significantly exceeding the levels in all other soil and substrate samples. Based on the conducted research, the universal substrate from «Trading House ARS» LLC was the best in terms of the abundance of microorganisms. It was followed by the universal substrate from TERRA VITA, the seedling substrate BIOTERRA KEVA and the flower substrate «Paranginskoye Peat Enterprise» LLC. Various micromycetes were found in the soil and substrate samples, with representatives of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Mucor being dominant. We believe that, in order to ensure food safety along the trophic chain (soil/soil substrate – plants – plant-based products – animals – animal-based products – humans), microbiological quality control of packaged soil substrates intended for practical use is essential.

Keywords: soil, soil ground, microorganisms, microbial coenosis.

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Foss L.E., Rakhmaeva A.M., Shabalin K.V., Sharonova N.L., Nagornova O.A., Borisov D.N. (iacw212@gmail.com)

Composition of asphaltenes modification products with nitric acid and it’s antimicrobial activity

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-014

Modification of petroleum asphaltenes with nitric acid was carried out, followed by stepwise extraction of reaction products with various polar extractants – diethyl ether, dichloromethane, water, chloroform, isopropanol, acetonitrile, acetone. Using IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MALDI method), it was found that the obtained extracts have differences in the intensity of absorption bands of nitro and carbonyl groups and molecular weight distribution. It was shown that the extracts isolated with diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone exhibit inhibitory and/or bactericidal activity towards Clavibacter michiganensis, Erwinia carotovora spp. сarotovora, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens in dosages of 62.5-125.0 μg/ml. The extract isolated with diethyl ether at a dosage of 0.1% showed fungistatic activity against Fusarium graminearum.

Keywords: petroleum asphaltenes, modification, nitric acid, extracts antimicrobial activity phytopathogens.

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YOUNG SCIENTISTS RESEARCH

Gayazov V.V. (scientific supervisor – associate professor Ph.D. T.M. Dzhancharov) (turmush@inbox.ru)

Evaluation of ultra-ripe tomato varieties grown in open ground and intensive plant cultivation systems̆

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-015

The article provides an assessment of the ultra-early tomato varieties Rosy, Yuma, and Gina, which were grown in open-field conditions and in Intensive Plant Cultivation Systems (IPCS), allowing for the setting and maintenance of the necessary agroecological parameters throughout the experiment. The article explores the morphophysiological responses of the ultra-early tomato varieties Rosy, Yuma, and Gina when grown under different photoperiods and light ratios in light installations. The light source in the SIRC was an LED illuminator. It has been established that IPCS is not able to completely replace natural environmental conditions, but it does allow for the production of year-round harvests of environmentally friendly marketable products, and it is also suitable for producing tomatoes with a high content of beneficial target compounds. Based on the results of this experiment, we can recommend the use of IPCS technology (while maintaining the closest possible approximation to natural environmental conditions) in extreme farming conditions or as an alternative for producing environmentally friendly marketable products.

Keywords: tomato, red and far red light, intensive plant cultivation system, light installations, photoperiod, open ground, environmentally friendly product.

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Kozlov N.S. (scientific supervisors – Dr.Sci. T.I. Volodina, Ph.D. A.N. Levchenkova) (lohirod@yandex.ru, alesio2@mail.ru, toma230547@yandex.ru)

State of acid-base properties of soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil under influence of various fertilizer systems

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2025-5-016

In the field experience of the Velikie Luki State Agricultural Academy of the Pskov region, the effects of various systems of fertilizer of acid-base properties and the productivity of crops on soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil formed on morking sand were given. Studies on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil from 2021 to 2024 showed that on the control version there was a gradual increase in soil acidity by years in the option without fertilizers. Over 4 years, the metabolic acidity increased by 0.2 units, and the hydrolytic acidity of the soil by 0.01 mg. Against the background of mineral fertilizers, there was no decrease in the metabolic value, and an increase in hydrolytic acidity was not significant by 0.02 mg. ECV/100G, respectively, in relation to 2021. In 2024, the largest changes in acidity increased in options with an organic and organomineral fertilizer system and reached 6.5-6.7 units. That is, she reached a neutral reaction for sod-podzolic soils. In these options, the effect of the action of manure introduced under potatoes, as well as the ace of it introduced to previous crops, is well traced. Of great importance was made by the PKO bringing, although a small amount of CA into the soil, but playing a certain influence on the physicochemical properties of soils. The hydrolytic acidity indicator is up to 1.21-1.08 on organic and 1.12 m-EKV/100 g on organomineral diet background due to calcium allocation. Manure and manure + NPK increased the degree of saturation with the base of the soil by 9,6-19,6% in both versions. In the variant with mineral fertilizers, a decrease occurred by 2.7%. On the control version, a gradual decrease in the value of V by 3.2% took place. The same in 2021-2024. The dynamics in the version with mineral fertilizers first decreased by 0.3%, and then in 2023 increased 2.0%.

Keywords: soddy-podzolic soil, fertilizer systems, acidity, cationic metabolism, CA balance and MG, cultural productivity.